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Arab (etymology)
The proper name ''Arab'' or ''Arabian'' (and cognates in other languages) has been used to translate several different but similar sounding words in ancient and classical texts which do not necessarily have the same meaning or origin. The etymology of the term is of course closely linked to that of the place name ''Arabia''. Gustave E. von Grunebaum, in his book ''Classical Islam'' said that an approximate translation is ''passerby'' or ''nomad''.〔Grunebaum, p. 16〕
==Semitic etymology==
The root of the word has many meanings in Semitic languages including ''west/sunset'', ''desert'', ''nomad'', ''merchant'', ''raven'' and ''comprehensible'' with all of these having varying degrees of relevance to the emergence of the name. It is also possible that some forms were metathetical from "moving around" (Arabic "traverse"), and hence, it is alleged, "nomadic."
The plurality of meanings results partly from the assimilation of the proto-Semitic ''ghayin'' with in some languages. In Hebrew the word ' thus has the same triconsonantal root as the root meaning "west" (') "setting sun" or "evening" (', '). The direct Arabic cognate of this is ' ("west", etc.) rather than '' ''; however, in Ugaritic and Sayhadic,〔Sabaic Dictionary (English-French-Arabic) p. 18, A.F.L. Beeston, W.W. Muller, M.A. Ghul, J. Ryckmans〕 languages which normally preserve proto-Semitic ''ghayin'', this root is found with (unicode:''ʿayin'') adding to the confusion.〔If we assume that the word for "evening" was originally pronounced with (unicode:''ʿayin''), or that the distinction between (unicode:''ʿayin'') and ''ghayin'' was not phonemic, it could be connected with the "mixture" meaning, as evening is when day mixes with night.〕The first recorded use of the word is in Hebrew, Exodus 12:38, and its meaning there is a "mixture" of people who accompanied the Israelis as they left Egypt.
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